Author's Correction.

A type of paper folding in which each fold runs in the opposite direction to the previous fold creating a pleated or accordion effect.

The position of elements on a page in relation to a referenced horizontal or vertical line.

Changes made after composition stage where customer is responsible for additional charges.

Various methods of securing folded sections of paper together and fastening them to a cover to form a book.

Extra inked area that crosses designated trim line; used to allow for variations that occur when the reproduction is trimmed or die-cut.

A design or bas relief impression that is made without using inks or metal foils.

Embossed forms that are not inked or gold leafed.

Illustrations or line art etched onto zinc or copper plates and used in letterpress printing.

A binding technique that entails nicking the backfold in short lengths during the folding process, which allows glue to reach each individual leaf and create a strong bond.

An abbreviation for the four primary colours used in four-colour process printing — cyan (a light blue), magenta (a pinkish purple), yellow and black.

Books bound using hard board (case) covers.

Paper coated with clay, white pigments and a binder. Better for printing because there is less picking.

To gather sheets or signatures together in their correct order. Reference: Gather.

This term refers to a colour test strip, which is printed on the waste portion of a press sheet. It is a standardised GATF (Graphic Arts Technical Foundation) process which allows a pressman to determine the quality of the printed material relative to ink density, registration and dot gain. It also includes the Star Target, which is a similar system designed to detect inking problems.

When the rubber blanket on a cylinder moves forward due to contact with the plate or paper. Result of added thickness of folded sheets being behind one another in a folded signature. Outer edges of sheets creep away from back most fold as more folded sheets are inserted inside the middle.

Markings at edges of original or on guide sheet to indicate the area desired in reproduction with negative or plate trimmed (cropped) at the markings.

Machine for accurately cutting stacks of paper to desired dimensions; can also be used to crease. Also trims out final bound books' top size (soft cover).

Sharp edged device, usually made of steel, to cut paper, cardboard, etc., on a printing press.

A shade of blue used in the four-colour process; it reflects blue and green and absorbs red.

Dots Per Inch; the standard measurement of resolution for printers, photo type setting machines and graphics screens. The higher the value, the finer the detail of the finished print.

Design, letters or shapes cut into metal (mostly brass) for stamping book covers or embossing. An engraved stamp used for impressing an image or design.

A method of using sharp steel-ruled stamps or rollers to cut various shapes (e.g. labels, boxes or image shapes) either post press or in line. The process of cutting paper in a shape or design by the use of a wooden die or block in which are positioned steel rules in the shape of the desired pattern.

An intaglio process for printing from images engraved into copper or steel plates.

The process by which an image is printed onto a specially coated paper and from there transferred onto the final media (e.g. a piece of fabric) through the application of heat.

A method of paper finishing whereby a pattern is pressed into the paper when it is dry.

To raise in relief a design or letters already printed on card stock or heavy paper by an uninked block or die. In rubber and plastic plate making the process is usually done by heat.

A printing process whereby images such as copy or art are etched onto a plate. When ink is applied, these etched areas act as small wells to hold the ink; paper is forced against this die and the ink is lifted out of the etched areas, creating raised images on the paper.

Paper folding that emulates an accordion or fan, the folds being alternating and parallel.

The characters which make up a complete typeface and size.

Space between pages in the printing frame of a book, or inside margin towards the back or binding edge. The blank space or margin between the type page and the binding of a book.

Arrangement of pages so that they print correctly on a press sheet and the pages are in proper order when the sheets are folded.

A coated stock finished in mother-of-pearl.

A paper cutting technique whereby laser technology is utilised to cut away certain unmasked areas of the paper. The cutting is a result of the exposure of the paper to the laser ray, which actually evaporates the paper.

A rendition that shows the placement of all the elements, roughs, thumbnails, etc., of the final printed piece before it goes to print.

Space between lines of type; the distance in points between one baseline and the next.

Printing that utilises inked raised surfaces to create the image.

The process of printing that utilises flat inked surfaces to create the printed images.

Imprinted space around the edge of a page.

The most commonly used printing method, whereby the printed material does not receive the ink directly from the printing plate but from an intermediary cylinder called a blanket which receives the ink from the plate and transfers it to the paper.

A complex offset process involving multiple transfers between the gravure plate, the plate cylinder, and a solid rubber plate.

Indirect printing method in which the inked image on the press-plate is first printed onto a rubber blanket, then in turn offsets the inked impression on to the sheet of paper.

A term for uncoated book paper.

Any printing that is done on an area that has already been printed.

Markings usually dotted lines at edges showing where perforations should occur.

Binding process where backs of sections are cut off, roughened and glued together, and rung in a cover.

Printing both sides of the paper (or other material) on the same pass through the printing machine.

Punching small holes or slits in a sheet of paper or cardboard to facilitate tearing along a desired line.

The platemaking process where plates are coated with photosensitive coatings and exposed to photo negatives or positives.

A method of binding books whereby holes are drilled on the side closest to the spine and a plastic grasping device is inserted to hold the pages together.

See Camera Ready

Two consecutive pages as they appear on a flat or signature.

Printing inks, usually in sets of four colours. The most frequent combination is yellow, magenta, cyan and black, which are printed one over another in that order to obtain a coloured print with the desired hues, whites, blacks and greys.

Printing from two or more halftones to produce intermediate colours and shades.

An impression of composed type and illustrations made for the purpose of checking the accuracy of the layout, type and coluor.

500 sheets of paper.

Any crossmarks or other symbols used on layout to assure proper registration.

Stitching where wire staples pass through the spine from the outside and are clinched in the center. Only used with folded sections, either single sections or two or more sections inserted to form a single section.

A smooth, delicately embossed finished paper with sheen.

The enlargement or reduction of an image or copy to fit a specific area.

Impressions or cuts in flat material to facilitate bending or tearing.

A measurement equaling the number of lines or dots per inch on a halftone screen.

A cover made out of the same paper stock as the internal sheets.

A problem that occurs when the printing on one side of a sheet is seen from the other side.

Back edge of a book.

A binding whereby a wire of metal or plastic is spiraled through holes punched along the binding side.

Small area printed in a second colour.

A film image that is larger than the original image to accommodate ink trapping. Reference: trapping.

A process of generating multiple exposures by taking an image and stepping it according to a predetermined layout.

A proofreader's symbol that is usually written in the copy margin. It indicates that the copy, which was marked for correction, should be left as it was.

A term for unprinted paper or other material to be printed.

Any petroleum-based waterproof papers with a high tensile strength.

A printing process whereby slow drying ink is applied to paper and while the ink is still wet, is lightly dusted with a resinous powder. The paper then passes through a heat chamber where the powder melts and fuses with the ink to produce a raised surface.

The process of printing wet ink over printed ink which may be wet or dry.

Marks placed on the sheet to indicate where to cut the page.

A clear shiny ink used to add gloss to printed pieces. The primary component of the ink vehicle. Reference: vehicle.

Fade to white or a small decorative design or illustration. A photo or illustration in which the tones fade gradually away until they blend with the surface they are printed on.

The procedure of cleaning a particular ink from all of the printing elements (rollers, plate, ink fountain, etc.) of a press.

A translucent logo that is embossed during the papermaking process while the paper slurry is on the dandy roll. Reference: dandy roll.